TY - JOUR
T1 - 25-hydroxyvitamin D, influenza vaccine response and healthcare encounters among a young adult population
AU - Lee, Rachel U.
AU - Won, Seung Hyun
AU - Hansen, Christian
AU - Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit No. N1344. Funded by the Defense Health Agency, Immunization Health Branch (formerly, Military Vaccine Agency), MILVAX FY13_69. Support for this work (IDCRP-053) was also provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Background Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality; the pandemic in 2009–2010 was a reminder of the potential for novel strains and antigenic changes. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor vaccine immunogenicity, therefore we sought to determine if there was a correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and influenza vaccine response. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among young, healthy military members to evaluate the association between total 25(OH)D levels with post influenza vaccination antibody titers and healthcare encounters during the 2009–10 influenza season. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether 25(OH)D levels are associated with baseline characteristics and post-vaccination antibody responses. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to determine the associations between antibody responses and 25 (OH)D levels adjusting for possible confounders. Results A total of 437 subjects were studied. Most participants were young adults (91% were 18–39 years of age), 50% were male, and 56% resided in the southern U.S. Overall, 152 (34.8%) were vitamin D deficient, 167 (38.2%) insufficient, and 118 (27.0%) with normal 25(OH)D levels. There were no demographic differences by 25(OH)D category. Only 224 (51.3%) demonstrated a seroprotective anti-influenza post-vaccination titer, which did not vary by categorical 25(OH)D levels [vitamin D deficient vs. normal: OR 1.10 (0.68–1.78) and insufficient vs. normal: OR 1.25 (0.78–2.01)] or continuous vitamin D levels [OR 0.98 (0.84–1.15)]. There were also no associations with increased influenza like illnesses, respiratory diagnoses and healthcare encounters between the vitamin D groups. Conclusion Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were highly prevalent despite evaluating a young, healthy adult population. There were no significant associations between 25(OH)D levels and post-vaccination antibody titers to influenza vaccine. Further studies are required to discover strategies to improve vaccine efficacy as well as to determine the role of 25(OH)D in vaccine immunity.
AB - Background Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality; the pandemic in 2009–2010 was a reminder of the potential for novel strains and antigenic changes. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor vaccine immunogenicity, therefore we sought to determine if there was a correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and influenza vaccine response. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among young, healthy military members to evaluate the association between total 25(OH)D levels with post influenza vaccination antibody titers and healthcare encounters during the 2009–10 influenza season. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether 25(OH)D levels are associated with baseline characteristics and post-vaccination antibody responses. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to determine the associations between antibody responses and 25 (OH)D levels adjusting for possible confounders. Results A total of 437 subjects were studied. Most participants were young adults (91% were 18–39 years of age), 50% were male, and 56% resided in the southern U.S. Overall, 152 (34.8%) were vitamin D deficient, 167 (38.2%) insufficient, and 118 (27.0%) with normal 25(OH)D levels. There were no demographic differences by 25(OH)D category. Only 224 (51.3%) demonstrated a seroprotective anti-influenza post-vaccination titer, which did not vary by categorical 25(OH)D levels [vitamin D deficient vs. normal: OR 1.10 (0.68–1.78) and insufficient vs. normal: OR 1.25 (0.78–2.01)] or continuous vitamin D levels [OR 0.98 (0.84–1.15)]. There were also no associations with increased influenza like illnesses, respiratory diagnoses and healthcare encounters between the vitamin D groups. Conclusion Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were highly prevalent despite evaluating a young, healthy adult population. There were no significant associations between 25(OH)D levels and post-vaccination antibody titers to influenza vaccine. Further studies are required to discover strategies to improve vaccine efficacy as well as to determine the role of 25(OH)D in vaccine immunity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041901367&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0192479
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0192479
M3 - Article
C2 - 29425250
AN - SCOPUS:85041901367
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 2
M1 - e0192479
ER -