TY - JOUR
T1 - An evaluation of selected populations for HIV-1 vaccine cohort development in Nigeria
AU - Njoku, Ogbonnaya S.
AU - Manak, Mark M.
AU - O'Connell, Robert J.
AU - Shutt, Ashley L.W.
AU - Malia, Jennifer A.
AU - Heipertz, Richard A.
AU - Tovanabutra, Sodsai
AU - Milazzo, Mark J.
AU - Akintunde, Gideon Akindiran
AU - Alabi, Abraham S.
AU - Suleiman, Aminu
AU - Ogundeji, Amos A.
AU - Kene, Terfa S.
AU - Nelson, Robbie
AU - Ayemoba, Ojor R.
AU - Singer, Darrell E.
AU - Robb, Merlin L.
AU - Peel, Sheila A.
AU - Michael, Nelson L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-11-2-0174) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the positions of the U.S. Army, U.S. Department of Defense, or the Nigerian Armed Forces.
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Development of a globally effective HIV-1 vaccine will need to encompass Nigeria, one of the hardest hit areas, with an estimated 3.2 million people living with HIV. This cross-sectional Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study was conducted in 2009±12 at four market sites and two highway settlements sites in Nigeria to identify and characterize populations at high risk for HIV; engage support of local stakeholders; and assess the level of interest in future vaccine studies. Demographic, HIV risk data were collected by structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were tested on site by HIV rapid diagnostic tests, followed by rigorous confirmatory testing, subtype evaluation and testing for HBV and HCV markers in a clinical reference laboratory. Of 3229 study participants, 326 were HIV infected as confirmed by Western Blot or RNA, with a HIV prevalence of 15.4%- 23.9% at highway settlements and 3.1%-9.1% at market sites. There was no observable correlation of prevalence of HIV-1 (10.1%) with HBV (10.9%) or HCV (2.9%). Major HIV-1 subtypes included CRF02-AG (37.5%); G (27.5%); G/CRF02-AG (25.9%); and non-typeable (8.9%), with 0.3% HIV-2. Univariate analysis found age, gender, marital status, level of education, and sex under substance influence as significant risk factors for HIV (p<0.001). Educating and winning the trust of local community leadership ensured high level of participation (53.3±77.9%) and willingness to participate in future studies (95%). The high HIV prevalence and high risk of HIV infection at highway settlement and mammy markets make them well suited for targeting future vaccine trials in Nigeria. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
AB - Development of a globally effective HIV-1 vaccine will need to encompass Nigeria, one of the hardest hit areas, with an estimated 3.2 million people living with HIV. This cross-sectional Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study was conducted in 2009±12 at four market sites and two highway settlements sites in Nigeria to identify and characterize populations at high risk for HIV; engage support of local stakeholders; and assess the level of interest in future vaccine studies. Demographic, HIV risk data were collected by structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were tested on site by HIV rapid diagnostic tests, followed by rigorous confirmatory testing, subtype evaluation and testing for HBV and HCV markers in a clinical reference laboratory. Of 3229 study participants, 326 were HIV infected as confirmed by Western Blot or RNA, with a HIV prevalence of 15.4%- 23.9% at highway settlements and 3.1%-9.1% at market sites. There was no observable correlation of prevalence of HIV-1 (10.1%) with HBV (10.9%) or HCV (2.9%). Major HIV-1 subtypes included CRF02-AG (37.5%); G (27.5%); G/CRF02-AG (25.9%); and non-typeable (8.9%), with 0.3% HIV-2. Univariate analysis found age, gender, marital status, level of education, and sex under substance influence as significant risk factors for HIV (p<0.001). Educating and winning the trust of local community leadership ensured high level of participation (53.3±77.9%) and willingness to participate in future studies (95%). The high HIV prevalence and high risk of HIV infection at highway settlement and mammy markets make them well suited for targeting future vaccine trials in Nigeria. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85006054915&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166711
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166711
M3 - Article
C2 - 27936236
AN - SCOPUS:85006054915
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 11
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 12
M1 - e0166711
ER -