@article{35309737b9da4439a0eacf0e9f4be47f,
title = "Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma",
abstract = "Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein-Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also known as PD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.",
author = "{Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network} and Bass, {Adam J.} and Vesteinn Thorsson and Ilya Shmulevich and Reynolds, {Sheila M.} and Michael Miller and Brady Bernard and Toshinori Hinoue and Laird, {Peter W.} and Christina Curtis and Hui Shen and Weisenberger, {Daniel J.} and Nikolaus Schultz and Ronglai Shen and Nils Weinhold and Kelsen, {David P.} and Reanne Bowlby and Andy Chu and Katayoon Kasaian and Mungall, {Andrew J.} and Robertson, {A. Gordon} and Payal Sipahimalani and Cherniack, {Andrew D.} and Gad Getz and Yingchun Liu and Noble, {Michael S.} and Chandra Pedamallu and Carrie Sougnez and Amaro Taylor-Weiner and Rehan Akbani and Lee, {Ju Seog} and Wenbin Liu and Mills, {Gordon B.} and Da Yang and Wei Zhang and Angeliki Pantazi and Michael Parfenov and Margaret Gulley and Piazuelo, {M. Blanca} and Schneider, {Barbara G.} and Jihun Kim and Alex Boussioutas and Margi Sheth and Demchok, {John A.} and Rabkin, {Charles S.} and Willis, {Joseph E.} and Sam Ng and Katherine Garman and Beer, {David G.} and Arjun Pennathur and Greg Eley",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.",
year = "2014",
month = sep,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1038/nature13480",
language = "English",
volume = "513",
pages = "202--209",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "7517",
}