TY - JOUR
T1 - Concussion Risk and Recovery in Athletes With Psychostimulant-Treated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
T2 - Findings From the NCAA-DOD CARE Consortium
AU - Coffman, Colt A.
AU - Gunn, Brett S.
AU - Pasquina, Paul F.
AU - McCrea, Michael A.
AU - McAllister, Thomas W.
AU - Broglio, Steven P.
AU - Moore, Robert D.
AU - Pontifex, Matthew B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Human Kinetics, Inc.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) –related psychostimulant use in the context of concussion risk and symptom recovery. Data were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (NCAA-DOD CARE) Consortium from 2014 to 2017. Relative to individuals without diagnosed ADHD (i.e., control), both ADHD diagnosis and the combination of ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant use were associated with a greater risk of incurring a concussive injury. Following a concussive injury, ADHD diagnosis was associated with longer symptom recovery time relative to the control group. However, individuals with ADHD who use psychostimulants did not take longer to resolve symptoms than controls, suggesting that psychostimulants may have a positive influence on recovery. Regardless of time point, ADHD diagnosis was associated with an elevated number of concussion-related symptoms; however, this effect appears mitigated by having used ADHD-related psychostimulants.
AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) –related psychostimulant use in the context of concussion risk and symptom recovery. Data were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (NCAA-DOD CARE) Consortium from 2014 to 2017. Relative to individuals without diagnosed ADHD (i.e., control), both ADHD diagnosis and the combination of ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant use were associated with a greater risk of incurring a concussive injury. Following a concussive injury, ADHD diagnosis was associated with longer symptom recovery time relative to the control group. However, individuals with ADHD who use psychostimulants did not take longer to resolve symptoms than controls, suggesting that psychostimulants may have a positive influence on recovery. Regardless of time point, ADHD diagnosis was associated with an elevated number of concussion-related symptoms; however, this effect appears mitigated by having used ADHD-related psychostimulants.
KW - ADHD medication
KW - SCAT symptoms
KW - asymptomatic
KW - return to play
KW - sport-related injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179904777&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1123/jsep.2023-0038
DO - 10.1123/jsep.2023-0038
M3 - Article
C2 - 38061352
AN - SCOPUS:85179904777
SN - 0895-2779
VL - 45
SP - 337
EP - 346
JO - Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
JF - Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
IS - 6
ER -