Decellularized biological scaffolds for cardiac repair and regeneration

Biological scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a viable option for the repair and reconstruction of injured or missing cardiac tissue. Such biological scaffold materials are typically manufactured by decellularization of allogeneic or xenogeneic tissues with retention of the native ECM ultrastructure and composition. The method of ECM scaffold preparation has been shown to profoundly affect downstream remodeling events and clinical efficacy. Clinical applications, methods of manufacturing, results of preclinical studies, and speculation regarding the future use of such scaffold materials in cardiac reconstruction will be discussed.