TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression, dietary habits, and cardiovascular events among women with suspected myocardial ischemia
AU - Rutledge, Thomas
AU - Kenkre, Tanya S.
AU - Thompson, Diane V.
AU - Bittner, Vera A.
AU - Whittaker, Kerry
AU - Eastwood, Jo Ann
AU - Eteiba, Wafia
AU - Cornell, Carol E.
AU - Krantz, David S.
AU - Pepine, Carl J.
AU - Johnson, B. Delia
AU - Handberg, Eileen M.
AU - Bairey Merz, C. Noel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2014/9/1
Y1 - 2014/9/1
N2 - Background Dietary habits and depression are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Patients with depression often report poor eating habits, and dietary factors may help explain commonly observed associations between depression and cardiovascular disease.Methods From 1996 to 2000, 936 women were enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation at 4 US academic medical centers at the time of clinically indicated coronary angiography and then assessed (median follow-up, 5.9 years) for adverse outcomes (cardiovascular disease death, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke).Participants completed a protocol including coronary angiography (coronary artery disease severity) and depression assessments (Beck Depression Inventory scores, antidepressant use, and depression treatment history). A subset of 201 women (mean age, 58.5 years; standard deviation, 11.4) further completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults (1998 Block). We extracted daily fiber intake and daily servings of fruit and vegetables as measures of dietary habits.Results In separate Cox regression models adjusted for age, smoking, and coronary artery disease severity, Beck Depression Inventory scores (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.10), antidepressant use (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.01-5.9), and a history of treatment for depression (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3) were adversely associated with time to cardiovascular disease outcomes. Fiber intake (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97) and fruit and vegetable consumption (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19-0.70) were associated with a decreased time to cardiovascular disease event risk. In models including dietary habits and depression, fiber intake and fruit and vegetable consumption remained associated with time to cardiovascular disease outcomes, whereas depression relationships were reduced by 10% to 20% and nonsignificant.Conclusions Among women with suspected myocardial ischemia, we observed consistent relationships among depression, dietary habits, and time to cardiovascular disease events. Dietary habits partly explained these relationships. These results suggest that dietary habits should be included in future efforts to identify mechanisms linking depression to cardiovascular disease.
AB - Background Dietary habits and depression are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Patients with depression often report poor eating habits, and dietary factors may help explain commonly observed associations between depression and cardiovascular disease.Methods From 1996 to 2000, 936 women were enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation at 4 US academic medical centers at the time of clinically indicated coronary angiography and then assessed (median follow-up, 5.9 years) for adverse outcomes (cardiovascular disease death, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke).Participants completed a protocol including coronary angiography (coronary artery disease severity) and depression assessments (Beck Depression Inventory scores, antidepressant use, and depression treatment history). A subset of 201 women (mean age, 58.5 years; standard deviation, 11.4) further completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults (1998 Block). We extracted daily fiber intake and daily servings of fruit and vegetables as measures of dietary habits.Results In separate Cox regression models adjusted for age, smoking, and coronary artery disease severity, Beck Depression Inventory scores (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.10), antidepressant use (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.01-5.9), and a history of treatment for depression (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3) were adversely associated with time to cardiovascular disease outcomes. Fiber intake (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97) and fruit and vegetable consumption (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19-0.70) were associated with a decreased time to cardiovascular disease event risk. In models including dietary habits and depression, fiber intake and fruit and vegetable consumption remained associated with time to cardiovascular disease outcomes, whereas depression relationships were reduced by 10% to 20% and nonsignificant.Conclusions Among women with suspected myocardial ischemia, we observed consistent relationships among depression, dietary habits, and time to cardiovascular disease events. Dietary habits partly explained these relationships. These results suggest that dietary habits should be included in future efforts to identify mechanisms linking depression to cardiovascular disease.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Depression
KW - Diet
KW - Prospective
KW - Women
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908191460&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.04.011
DO - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.04.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 24769297
AN - SCOPUS:84908191460
SN - 0002-9343
VL - 127
SP - 840
EP - 847
JO - American Journal of Medicine
JF - American Journal of Medicine
IS - 9
ER -