Determination of the course of brainstem catecholamine fibers mediating amphetamine anorexia

Previous studies suggest that brainstem catecholamine (CA) fibers which mediate amphetamine (AMPH)-induced anorexia ascend through the midlateral medial forebrain bundle and perifornical region and terminate in the perifornical hypothalamic region (PFH) at the level of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus⁴³. Through studies of wire-knife cuts (KCs) placed in the lower brainstem, the present paper further delineates the course of fibers mediating AMPH feeding suppression, as they ascend through the medullary, pontine and midbrain tegmentum. The results indicate that the crucial CA fibers ascend through the ventrolateral medulla just dorsal to the nucleus of the seventh cranial nerve, 1.1-1.9 mm lateral to midline. In their rostral course, these fibers apparently maintain a relatively straight position in the ventral pons and then enter the ventrolateral midbrain just dorsal to the medial lemniscus, between 0.7 and 1.1 mm lateral to midline. These medullary fibers, possibly originating from the norepinephrine/epinephrine-containing ventrolateral cell group (A1/C1), then appear to join additional fibers from the scattered dopamine-containing neurons positioned in the caudal midbrain (A8 CA cell group). Together, these dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine systems are believed to ascend into the medial aspect of the medial forebrain bundle on their way to the PFH at the level of the ventromedial nucleus.