Do vented chest seals differ in efficacy? An experimental evaluation using a swine hemopneumothorax model

Bijan Shams Kheirabadi*, Irasema B. Terrazas, Nahir Miranda, Amber N. Voelker, Francoise Arnaud, Harold G. Klemcke, Frank K. Butler, Michael A. Dubick

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Airways compromise was the second leading cause of potentially preventable death among combat casualties. We investigated the ability of five Food and Drug Administration-approved nonocclusive chest seals (CSs) to seal a bleeding chest wound and prevent tension hemopneumothorax (HPTX) in a swine model. METHODS Following instrumentation, an open chest wound was created in the left thorax of spontaneously air-breathing anesthetized pigs (n = 26; 43 kg). Autologous fresh blood (226 mL) was then infused into the pleural cavity to produce HPTX. The chest wounds were then sealed with CSs. The sealant strength and venting function of CSs were challenged by infusion of 50 mL more blood directly into the chest wound and incremental air injections into the pleural cavity. Tension HPTX was defined as intrapleural (IP) pressure equal to or more than +1 mm Hg and more than 20% deviation in physiologic measurements. RESULTS An open chest wound with HPTX raised IP pressure ( -0.7 mm Hg) and caused labored breathing and reductions in PaO 2 and SvO 2 (p < 0.01). Sealing the wounds with the CSs restored IP pressure, and improved breathing and oxygenation. Subsequent blood infusion into the wound and IP air injections produced CS-dependent responses. Chest seals with one-way valves (Bolin and SAM) did not evacuate the blood efficiently; pooled blood either detached the CSs from skin and leaked out (75%), or clotted and clogged the valve and led to tension HPTX (25%). Conversely, CSs with laminar venting channels allowed escape of blood and air from the pleural cavity and maintained IP pressure and oxygenation near normal levels. Success rates were 100% for Sentinel and Russell (6/6); 67% for HyFin (4/6); 25% for SAM (1/4); and 0% for Bolin (0/4) CSs (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The sealant and valve function of vented CS differed widely in the presence of bleeding chest wounds. Medics should be equipped with more effective CSs for treating HPTX in the field.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)182-189
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
Volume83
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jul 2017
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Chest seal
  • animal study
  • hemopneumothorax
  • swine
  • tension hemopneumothorax

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