Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design

Zhenyi Gu; Anastasia Unitt; Odile B. Harrison; Jeremy P. Derrick; Ann E. Jerse; Samantha A. McKeand; Christoph M. Tang

doi:10.1038/s41541-026-01410-2

Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design

Zhenyi Gu, Anastasia Unitt, Odile B. Harrison, Jeremy P. Derrick, Ann E. Jerse, Samantha A. McKeand^*, Christoph M. Tang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Microbiology and Immunology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Gonorrhoea is a global health concern exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective analyses indicate that outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines derived from Neisseria meningitidis (MeNZB, 4CMenB) may offer partial cross-protection against gonococcal infection. This review outlines the influence of gonococcal population biology on coverage, immune responses elicited by 4CMenB, and emerging strategies that offer the prospect of rationally designed vaccines dedicated to the prevention of gonococcal disease. (Figure presented.)

Original language	English
Article number	85
Journal	npj Vaccines
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01410-2
State	Published - Dec 2026

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title = "Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design",

abstract = "Gonorrhoea is a global health concern exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective analyses indicate that outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines derived from Neisseria meningitidis (MeNZB, 4CMenB) may offer partial cross-protection against gonococcal infection. This review outlines the influence of gonococcal population biology on coverage, immune responses elicited by 4CMenB, and emerging strategies that offer the prospect of rationally designed vaccines dedicated to the prevention of gonococcal disease. (Figure presented.)",

author = "Zhenyi Gu and Anastasia Unitt and Harrison, \{Odile B.\} and Derrick, \{Jeremy P.\} and Jerse, \{Ann E.\} and McKeand, \{Samantha A.\} and Tang, \{Christoph M.\}",

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T2 - bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design

AU - Gu, Zhenyi

AU - Unitt, Anastasia

AU - Harrison, Odile B.

AU - Derrick, Jeremy P.

AU - Jerse, Ann E.

AU - McKeand, Samantha A.

AU - Tang, Christoph M.

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Y1 - 2026/12

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AB - Gonorrhoea is a global health concern exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective analyses indicate that outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines derived from Neisseria meningitidis (MeNZB, 4CMenB) may offer partial cross-protection against gonococcal infection. This review outlines the influence of gonococcal population biology on coverage, immune responses elicited by 4CMenB, and emerging strategies that offer the prospect of rationally designed vaccines dedicated to the prevention of gonococcal disease. (Figure presented.)

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U2 - 10.1038/s41541-026-01410-2

DO - 10.1038/s41541-026-01410-2

M3 - Review article

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JO - npj Vaccines

JF - npj Vaccines

IS - 1

M1 - 85

ER -

Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design

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