Heart Failure: Optimizing Recognition and Management in Outpatient Settings

Heart failure represents a growing chronic medical condition with major implications on patient morbidity, mortality, and cost to health care systems. In this article, the heart failure syndrome is reviewed from a perspective of diagnosis and management, with updated therapeutic options reflected in major guidelines published since this topic was last reviewed in Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice in 2013. An emphasis is placed on the use of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology's staging system as a framework to improve early identification and treatment of patients at risk of symptomatic heart failure.