TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States
T2 - Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups
AU - the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
AU - Linton, Sabriya L.
AU - Cooper, Hannah L.F.
AU - Kelley, Mary E.
AU - Karnes, Conny C.
AU - Ross, Zev
AU - Wolfe, Mary E.
AU - Jarlais, Don Des
AU - Semaan, Salaam
AU - Tempalski, Barbara
AU - DiNenno, Elizabeth
AU - Finlayson, Teresa
AU - Sionean, Catlainn
AU - Wejnert, Cyprian
AU - Paz-Bailey, Gabriela
AU - Taussig, Jennifer
AU - Johnson, Shacara
AU - Todd, Jeff
AU - Flynn, Colin
AU - German, Danielle
AU - Isenberg, Debbie
AU - Driscoll, Maura
AU - Hurwitz, Elizabeth
AU - Prachand, Nikhil
AU - Benbow, Nanette
AU - Melville, Sharon
AU - Yeager, Richard
AU - Dyer, Jim
AU - Novoa, Alicia
AU - Thrun, Mark
AU - Al-Tayyib, Alia
AU - Higgins, Emily
AU - Mokotoff, Eve
AU - Griffin, Vivian
AU - Sayegh, Aaron
AU - Risser, Jan
AU - Rehman, Hafeez
AU - Bingham, Trista
AU - Sey, Ekow Kwa
AU - Metsch, Lisa
AU - Forrest, David
AU - Beck, Dano
AU - Cardenas, Gabriel
AU - Nemeth, Chris
AU - Smith, Lou
AU - Watson, Carol Ann
AU - Robinson, William T.
AU - Gruber, Deann
AU - Barak, Narquis
AU - Neaigus, Alan
AU - Jenness, Samuel
PY - 2015/12
Y1 - 2015/12
N2 - Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection.Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.
AB - Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection.Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946780866&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861
DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861
M3 - Article
C2 - 26469638
AN - SCOPUS:84946780866
SN - 0090-0036
VL - 105
SP - 2457
EP - 2465
JO - American Journal of Public Health
JF - American Journal of Public Health
IS - 12
ER -