How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others

Brian E. Neubauer*, Catherine T. Witkop, Lara Varpio

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

885 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: As a research methodology, phenomenology is uniquely positioned to help health professions education (HPE) scholars learn from the experiences of others. Phenomenology is a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived experiences within the world. Although it is a powerful approach for inquiry, the nature of this methodology is often intimidating to HPE researchers. This article aims to explain phenomenology by reviewing the key philosophical and methodological differences between two of the major approaches to phenomenology: transcendental and hermeneutic. Understanding the ontological and epistemological assumptions underpinning these approaches is essential for successfully conducting phenomenological research. Purpose: This review provides an introduction to phenomenology and demonstrates how it can be applied to HPE research. We illustrate the two main sub-types of phenomenology and detail their ontological, epistemological, and methodological differences. Conclusions: Phenomenology is a powerful research strategy that is well suited for exploring challenging problems in HPE. By building a better understanding of the nature of phenomenology and working to ensure proper alignment between the specific research question and the researcher’s underlying philosophy, we hope to encourage HPE scholars to consider its utility when addressing their research questions.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)90-97
Number of pages8
JournalPerspectives on Medical Education
Volume8
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Apr 2019

Keywords

  • Hermeneutic phenomenology
  • Qualitative
  • Transcendental phenomenology

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