How Reproducible Are Manual Therapy Interventions in Trials for Low Back Pain? A Scoping Review

t OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions used in clinical trials for low back pain (LBP), and summarize knowledge gaps in assessing the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions for LBP. t DESIGN: Scoping review. t LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase were searched for trials from inception through April 2023. t STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials were included if they described the use of manual therapy to treat LBP in adults 18 to 65 years old and were accessible in English. t DATA SYNTHESIS: The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) checklist, used for exercise reporting, was previously modified for manual therapy reporting. This 11-item modified CERT was used to extract details of manual therapy reporting in the included trials. Frequency counts were calculated to identify items most and least commonly reported. t RESULTS: Of 128 trials, none reported all 11 items of the modified CERT. The most commonly reported items were the description of how the application of manual therapy was decided (n = 113, 88.3%) and a description of adjunct interventions provided (n = 82, 64.1%). The least reported items were the description of an associated home program (n = 27, 21.1%) and a detailed description of the application of manual therapy (n = 22, 17.2%). t CONCLUSION: Reporting of manual therapy interventions in trials investigating LBP was poor overall, limiting the reproducibility of these treatments. Using a checklist designed explicitly for manual therapy intervention reporting may improve reproducibility of these interventions and help align clinical outcomes with experimental findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(4): 248-257. Epub 29 January 2024.