Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activation

Patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis present with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and an elevated aspartate transaminase level. Clinical and histopathologic features of severe disease suggest macrophage activation. Twenty-nine patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis had higher ferritin, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p70, and interferon-γ levels than did control subjects matched for age and sex; severity correlated with triglyceride, ferritin, and interleukin-12 p70 levels. Several severely affected patients had cases that fulfilled macrophage activation syndrome diagnostic criteria. Macrophage activation and excessive cytokine production may belie tissue injury associated with Ananplasma phagocytophilum infection.