Insect Allergy: Diagnostic Procedures and Venom Immunotherapy

Allergy to insects is a well-described medical condition of great importance given its association with significant morbidity and potential mortality in humans. Reactions to insects vary from common localized reactions to multi-organ system anaphylactic reactions that can be life-threatening. The decision to proceed with a diagnostic evaluation for insect allergy is dependent on the clinical history of the reaction, patient factors and future risk of recurrence. Available diagnostic tools include skin tests and in vitro tests that require a nuanced practical approach and interpretation to diagnose venom allergy. Recent advances in molecular and genetic testing also offer new insights into risk stratification and provide tools that allow for improved precision in the diagnosis and prognosis for venom-allergic patients. Venom immunotherapy is the cornerstone treatment of venom allergy and has also benefited from scientific advances that allow for the continued safety and efficacy of this treatment modality.