TY - JOUR
T1 - Isolated small airway dysfunction and ventilatory response to cardiopulmonary exercise testing
AU - Holley, Aaron B.
AU - Mabe, Donovan L.
AU - Hunninghake, John C.
AU - Collen, Jacob F.
AU - Walter, Robert J.
AU - Sherner, John H.
AU - Huprikar, Nikhil A.
AU - Morris, Michael J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Daedalus Enterprises.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: The effect of isolated small airway dysfunction (SAD) on exercise remains incom-pletely characterized. We sought to quantify the relationship between isolated SAD, identified with lung testing, and the respiratory response to exercise. METHODS: We conducted a prospective evaluation of service members with new-onset dyspnea. All subjects underwent plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), impulse oscillometry, high-resolution computed to-mography (HRCT), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). In subjects with normal basic spi-rometry, DLCO, and HRCT, SAD measures were analyzed for associations with ventilatory parameters at submaximal exercise and at maximal exercise during CPET. RESULTS: We enrolled 121 subjects with normal basic spirometry (ie, FEV1,FVC,andFEV1/FVC), DLCO, and HRCT. Mean age and body mass index were 37.4 ± 8.8 y and 28.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively, and 110 (90.9%) subjects were male. The prevalence of SAD varied from 2.5% to 28.8% depending on whether FEV3/FVC, FEF25-75%, residual volume/total lung capacity, and R5-R20 were used to identify SAD. Agreement on abnormal SAD across tests was poor (kappa =-0.03 to 0.07). R5-R20 abnormalities were related to higher minute ventilation ( _VE ) and higher _VE /maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) during submaximal exercise and to lower _VO2 during maximal exercise. After adjustment for differences at baseline, there remained a trend toward a relationship between R5-R20 and an elevated _VE /MVV during submaximal exercise (b = 0.04, 95% CI-0.01 to 0.09, P = .10), but there was no significant association with _VE during submaximal exercise or with _VO2 during maximal exercise. No other SAD measures showed a relationship with ventilatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In 121 subjects with normal basic spirometry, DLCO, and HRCT, we found poor agreement across tests used to detect SAD. Among young, healthy service members with postdeployment dyspnea, SAD as identified by lung function testing does not predict changes in the ventilatory response to exercise.
AB - BACKGROUND: The effect of isolated small airway dysfunction (SAD) on exercise remains incom-pletely characterized. We sought to quantify the relationship between isolated SAD, identified with lung testing, and the respiratory response to exercise. METHODS: We conducted a prospective evaluation of service members with new-onset dyspnea. All subjects underwent plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), impulse oscillometry, high-resolution computed to-mography (HRCT), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). In subjects with normal basic spi-rometry, DLCO, and HRCT, SAD measures were analyzed for associations with ventilatory parameters at submaximal exercise and at maximal exercise during CPET. RESULTS: We enrolled 121 subjects with normal basic spirometry (ie, FEV1,FVC,andFEV1/FVC), DLCO, and HRCT. Mean age and body mass index were 37.4 ± 8.8 y and 28.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively, and 110 (90.9%) subjects were male. The prevalence of SAD varied from 2.5% to 28.8% depending on whether FEV3/FVC, FEF25-75%, residual volume/total lung capacity, and R5-R20 were used to identify SAD. Agreement on abnormal SAD across tests was poor (kappa =-0.03 to 0.07). R5-R20 abnormalities were related to higher minute ventilation ( _VE ) and higher _VE /maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) during submaximal exercise and to lower _VO2 during maximal exercise. After adjustment for differences at baseline, there remained a trend toward a relationship between R5-R20 and an elevated _VE /MVV during submaximal exercise (b = 0.04, 95% CI-0.01 to 0.09, P = .10), but there was no significant association with _VE during submaximal exercise or with _VO2 during maximal exercise. No other SAD measures showed a relationship with ventilatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In 121 subjects with normal basic spirometry, DLCO, and HRCT, we found poor agreement across tests used to detect SAD. Among young, healthy service members with postdeployment dyspnea, SAD as identified by lung function testing does not predict changes in the ventilatory response to exercise.
KW - Cardiopulmonary exercise testing
KW - Exertional dyspnea
KW - Small airway dysfunc-tion
KW - Ventilatory response
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091691905&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4187/respcare.07424
DO - 10.4187/respcare.07424
M3 - Article
C2 - 32234772
AN - SCOPUS:85091691905
SN - 0020-1324
VL - 65
SP - 1488
EP - 1495
JO - Respiratory Care
JF - Respiratory Care
IS - 10
ER -