Laboratory tests and reference reagents employed in studies of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine

L. N. Binn*, P. O. MacArthy, R. H. Marchwicki, M. H. Sjogren, C. H. Hoke, J. R. Burge, E. D'Hondt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Procedures to evaluate inactivated hepatitis A vaccines in volunteers have been examined. Solid-phase immunoassays were standardized with reference preparations and have been tested to measure antibody response to immunization and antigen content of vaccines. Following immunization, there was a good correlation between antibody response, determined with commercial immunoassays, and neutralization titres, as measured by the radioimmunofocus inhibition test. However, at lower titres of neutralizing antibody, the commercial immunoassay often yielded negative results. To improve the sensitivity of the immunoassay, the serum volume was increased. A fourfold increase of test serum resulted in greater sensitivity, increasing from 54 to 94%, while retaining 100% specificity. Further increases in the volume of test serum resulted in a loss of specificity. In a comparison of neutralization tests, similar titres of postvaccination sera were obtained by using the HM175/18f cytopathic strain of hepatitis A virus in a plaque reduction assay or the HM175 parental virus in the radioimmunofocus inhibition test. Use of the cytopathic virus obviates the need for radioactively labelled serum and reduces the time taken to conduct neutralization tests. The current laboratory procedures can meet the needs of large field trials of inactivated hepatitis A vaccines.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)S102-S105
JournalVaccine
Volume10
Issue numberSUPPL. 1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1992
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Hepatitis A
  • immunoassay
  • neutralization test

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