Magnetic resonance imaging of the aorta and branch vessels

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a comprehensive evaluation of the aorta and its major branches. T₁-weighted spin-echo images and cine-MRI have long been known to be useful for the evaluation of congenital aortic anomalies, aortic aneurysms, and aortic dissections. Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a more recent development that affords better spatial resolution. This technique can be performed during an individual breath-hold and does not require electrocardiographic gating. The data from Gd-enhanced three-dimensional MRA, furthermore, can be used both for projectional angiographic viewing and for multiplanar reformation. In this article, MRI of the aorta and its major branches will be reviewed, with emphasis on the newer technique of Gd-enhanced three-dimensional MRA.