TY - JOUR
T1 - Mammalian transforming growth factor β1 activated after ingestion by Anopheles stephensi modulates mosquito immunity
AU - Luckhart, Shirley
AU - Crampton, Andrea L.
AU - Zamora, Ruben
AU - Lieber, Matthew J.
AU - Dos Santos, Patricia C.
AU - Peterson, Tina M.L.
AU - Emmith, Nicole
AU - Lim, Junghwa
AU - Wink, David A.
AU - Vodovotz, Yoram
PY - 2003/6/1
Y1 - 2003/6/1
N2 - During the process of bloodfeeding by Anopheles stephensi, mammalian latent transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is ingested and activated rapidly in the mosquito midgut. Activation may involve heme and nitric oxide (NO), agents released in the midgut during blood digestion and catalysis of L-arginine oxidation by A. stephensi NO synthase (AsNOS). Active TGF-β1 persists in the mosquito midgut to extended times postingestion and is recognized by mosquito cells as a cytokine. In a manner analogous to the regulation of vertebrate inducible NO synthase and malaria parasite (Plasmodium) infection in mammals by TGF-β1, TGF-β1 regulates AsNOS expression and Plasmodium development in A. stephensi. Together, these observations indicate that, through conserved immunological cross talk, mammalian and mosquito immune systems interface with each other to influence the cycle of Plasmodium development.
AB - During the process of bloodfeeding by Anopheles stephensi, mammalian latent transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is ingested and activated rapidly in the mosquito midgut. Activation may involve heme and nitric oxide (NO), agents released in the midgut during blood digestion and catalysis of L-arginine oxidation by A. stephensi NO synthase (AsNOS). Active TGF-β1 persists in the mosquito midgut to extended times postingestion and is recognized by mosquito cells as a cytokine. In a manner analogous to the regulation of vertebrate inducible NO synthase and malaria parasite (Plasmodium) infection in mammals by TGF-β1, TGF-β1 regulates AsNOS expression and Plasmodium development in A. stephensi. Together, these observations indicate that, through conserved immunological cross talk, mammalian and mosquito immune systems interface with each other to influence the cycle of Plasmodium development.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038104944&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3000-3009.2003
DO - 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3000-3009.2003
M3 - Article
C2 - 12761076
AN - SCOPUS:0038104944
SN - 0019-9567
VL - 71
SP - 3000
EP - 3009
JO - Infection and Immunity
JF - Infection and Immunity
IS - 6
ER -