TY - JOUR
T1 - Mapping of clinical management resources for snakebites and other animal envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon
AU - Beck, Timothy P.
AU - Tupetz, Anna
AU - Farias, Altair Seabra
AU - Silva-Neto, Alexandre
AU - Rocha, Thiago
AU - Smith, Emily R.
AU - Murta, Felipe
AU - Dourado, Flavio Santos
AU - Cardoso, Deugles
AU - Ramos, Tatyana A.
AU - Sachett, André
AU - Pinto, Thiago Serrão
AU - Pucca, Manuela Berto
AU - Sampaio, Vanderson
AU - Ramos, Flavia
AU - Vissoci, João Nickenig
AU - Sachett, Jacqueline
AU - Wen, Fan Hui
AU - Staton, Catherine A.
AU - Gerardo, Charles J.
AU - Monteiro, Wuelton
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Snakebite envenomings (SBEs) and other envenomings triggered by venomous animals (VAEs) represent a significant disease burden in Brazil, with 29,152 SBEs reported in 2021 alone with nearly half of those occurring in the remote Brazilian Amazon. In 2021, Brazil recorded 240,294 envenomings from snakes, scorpions, spiders, and caterpillars. Therefore, there is an unequal distribution of SBEs with high morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian Amazon. The severity of SBEs increases when patients require more than 6 h to access antivenom treatment, a common issue for the rural and indigenous populations. Understanding currently available resources and practices in Amazon remote areas of Brazil can serve to inform future interventions and guide health care policies. This study aims to develop a resource map of existing healthcare resources for the Brazilian Amazon's clinical management of VAEs with emphasis in SBEs, which will aid future strategic interventions. Data collection included a literature review, secondary data collected by government departments and organizational records, GIS mapping activities, and expert input. Our framework was guided by the three levels of healthcare service ecosystem analysis (macro, meso, and micro). Our resource map lays out a comprehensive overview of antivenom access, the distribution landscape, differences in patient transportation, and barriers to access healthcare that face populations in the Brazilian Amazon.
AB - Snakebite envenomings (SBEs) and other envenomings triggered by venomous animals (VAEs) represent a significant disease burden in Brazil, with 29,152 SBEs reported in 2021 alone with nearly half of those occurring in the remote Brazilian Amazon. In 2021, Brazil recorded 240,294 envenomings from snakes, scorpions, spiders, and caterpillars. Therefore, there is an unequal distribution of SBEs with high morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian Amazon. The severity of SBEs increases when patients require more than 6 h to access antivenom treatment, a common issue for the rural and indigenous populations. Understanding currently available resources and practices in Amazon remote areas of Brazil can serve to inform future interventions and guide health care policies. This study aims to develop a resource map of existing healthcare resources for the Brazilian Amazon's clinical management of VAEs with emphasis in SBEs, which will aid future strategic interventions. Data collection included a literature review, secondary data collected by government departments and organizational records, GIS mapping activities, and expert input. Our framework was guided by the three levels of healthcare service ecosystem analysis (macro, meso, and micro). Our resource map lays out a comprehensive overview of antivenom access, the distribution landscape, differences in patient transportation, and barriers to access healthcare that face populations in the Brazilian Amazon.
KW - Access to care
KW - Community health
KW - Neglected tropical diseases
KW - Resource map
KW - Snakebite envenoming
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138803405&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100137
DO - 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100137
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85138803405
SN - 2590-1710
VL - 16
JO - Toxicon: X
JF - Toxicon: X
M1 - 100137
ER -