Meniscal Salvage: Where We Are Today

The menisci are fibrocartilaginous semilunar structures in the knee that provide load support. Injury to the meniscus alters its load sharing and biomechanical profile. Knee arthroscopy with meniscus débridement is the most common orthopaedic surgical procedure done in the United States. The current goals of meniscal surgery are to preserve native meniscal tissue and maintain structural integrity. Meniscal preservation is critical to maintain the normal mechanics and homeostasis of the knee; however, it is not always feasible because of the structure's poor blood supply and often requires removal of irreparable tissue with meniscectomy. Efforts have increasingly focused on the promotion of meniscal healing and the replacement of damaged menisci with allografts, scaffolds, meniscal implants, or substitutes. The purpose of this article was to review current and future meniscal salvage treatments such as meniscus transplant, synthetic arthroplasty, and possible bioprinted meniscus to allow patients to maintain quality of life, limit pain, and delay osteoarthritis.