microRNAs in inflammation processes

Inflammation has recently achieved remarkable consideration due to the high severity, frequency, and economic burden of inflammatory diseases. Although acute inflammation is an essential host defense response to counteract diverse harmful stimulus, to speed up recovery of damaged cells/tissues, and maintain homeostasis, chronic inflammation may lead to the development and progression of various diseases, including allergic, respiratory, cardiovascular, autoimmune, cancer, and other diseases. It is essential to control dysregulated inflammatory responses and prevent cell/tissue damage. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to uncover the possible regulators of inflammatory mechanisms. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) that play critical regulatory roles in almost every cellular and developmental process are emerging as fine-tuned signaling regulators to modulate inflammatory responses and prevent or treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide a broad overview of miRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the role of miRNAs as biomarkers and antiinflammatory agents leads to new avenues in the diagnosis and prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.