Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: A prospective 5-year follow-up study

Background: Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) was initially introduced for the treatment of selected patients who met certain thyroid volume, nodule size and pathological criteria. Recent studies indicate that the completeness of resection of malignant nodules is comparable to that obtained with conventional thyroidectomy. Aims: To compare the 5-year outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) treated with MIVAT versus conventional thyroidectomy. Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted over 2 years (July 2005-June 2007), 172 patients with nodenegative, nonmetastatic PTC underwent either MIVAT (n = 67) or conventional thyroidectomy (n = 105). Study outcomes were 1) the cumulative dose of radioactive iodine (RAI) to achieve a disease-free state, defined as a stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level ≤2 ng/mL with negative Tg antibody and no tumor on a whole-body scan or cross-sectional imaging, and 2) the 5-year serum Tg level. Results: The clinical parameters of the MIVAT and conventional thyroidectomy groups were comparable except for age (mean 43 ± 12 vs. 59 ± 17 years, respectively; p = 0.03) and operative time (mean 69 ± 24 vs. 53 ± 16 minutes, p = 0.02); the mean tumor size was similar between groups (1.3 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.9 cm, p = 0.14). Surgical morbidity was similar in both groups. Median follow-up was 5 years. RAI dose (mean 72 ± 38 vs. 96 ± 47 mCu, p = 0.34) and serum Tg at 5 years (mean 0.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL, p = 0.30) were not significantly different between the MIVAT and conventional thyroidectomy groups. Conclusions: MIVAT can be safely utilized in patients with localized PTC, providing comparable completeness of resection and oncological outcome to conventional thyroidectomy.