Modulation of the physicochemical properties of chitosan nanoparticles for optimum delivery of plasmid dna through gill mucosa

The gill mucosa is a convenient route for the administration of DNA vaccine to fish and other aquatic organisms. Nanocarriers have been considered for delivery; however, a suitable formulation is required. To devise an appropriate carrier, we have synthesized chitosan nanoparticles entrapping pDNA at N/P ratios of 1:1 and 2.5:1, using ionic gelation and microemulsion (μE) methods. For nanoparticle characterization, the size, morphology, zetapotential, and IR spectra were determined. The efficiency of pDNA entrapment was established by gel retardation assay. On the basis of the investigations, the loaded nanoparticles synthesized by μE method appear to have the required characteristics for effective delivery by this route.