"Not for the Faint of Heart": First-year Military Medical Students' Professional Identity Formation During the Innovative Patient Experience at Operation Bushmaster

Introduction: The role of a military medical officer (MMO) is complex. Therefore, it is essential that military medical students formulate their professional identity early on in medical school in order to prepare them for their first deployment. At the Uniformed Services University, students are challenged to progressively develop their professional identity through yearly high-fidelity military medical field practicums (MFPs). One of these MFPs, Operation Bushmaster, consists of an innovative "Patient Experience"in which first-year medical students portray patients cared for by fourth-year medical students in a simulated operational environment. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how participating in the Patient Experience impacted first-year medical students' professional identity formation. Materials and Methods: Our research team used a phenomenological, qualitative research design to analyze the end-of-course reflection papers of 175 first-year military medical students who participated in the Patient Experience during Operation Bushmaster. Our research team members individually coded each student's reflection paper and then came to consensus on how to organize these codes into themes and subthemes. Results: Two themes and seven subthemes emerged from the data regarding the first-year medical students' understanding of the MMO: (1) multiple roles of the MMO (educator, leader, diplomat, and advisor) and (2) role of the MMO in the operational environment (navigates hazardous environment, adaptability, and position within health care team). As they participated in the Patient Experience, the first-year medical students not only recognized the complexity of the MMO's multiple roles within the operational environment but also envisioned themselves in these roles. Conclusions: The Patient Experience provided first-year medical students with a unique opportunity to formulate their professional identity as they portrayed patients during Operation Bushmaster. This study's results hold implications for both military and civilian medical schools regarding the benefits of innovative military MFPs for professional identity formation in junior medical students, preparing them early on in medical school for their first deployment.