TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing alkaline hydrothermal treatment for biomimetic smart metallic orthopedic and dental implants
AU - Hadady, Hanieh
AU - Alam, Arefin
AU - Khurana, Indu
AU - Mutreja, Isha
AU - Kumar, Dhiraj
AU - Shankar, Mamilla Ravi
AU - Dua, Rupak
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant surfaces by modifying their texture and roughness or coating them with antibiotics to enhance antibacterial properties for implant longevity. However, these approaches have demonstrated limited effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nanometer scale, inspired by the cicada wing nanostructure using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) to simultaneously confer antibacterial properties and support the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells. The two modified Ti surfaces were developed using a 4 h and 8 h AHT process in 1 N NaOH at 230 °C, followed by a 2-hour post-calcination at 600 °C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, while the treatment groups (4 h & 8 h AHT) displayed nanoflower structures containing randomly distributed nano-spikes. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the contact angle of the treatment groups, which increased wettability characteristics. The 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest wettability and significant increase in roughness 0.72 ± 0.08 µm (P < 0.05), leading to more osteoblast cell attachment, reduced cytotoxicity effects, and enhanced relative survivability. The alkaline phosphatase activity measured in all different groups indicated that the 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest activity, suggesting that the surface roughness and wettability of the treatment groups may have facilitated cell adhesion and attachment and subsequently increased secretion of extracellular matrix. Overall, the findings indicate that biomimetic nanotextured surfaces created by the AHT process have the potential to be translated as implant coatings to enhance bone regeneration and implant integration. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.).
AB - Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant surfaces by modifying their texture and roughness or coating them with antibiotics to enhance antibacterial properties for implant longevity. However, these approaches have demonstrated limited effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nanometer scale, inspired by the cicada wing nanostructure using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) to simultaneously confer antibacterial properties and support the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells. The two modified Ti surfaces were developed using a 4 h and 8 h AHT process in 1 N NaOH at 230 °C, followed by a 2-hour post-calcination at 600 °C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, while the treatment groups (4 h & 8 h AHT) displayed nanoflower structures containing randomly distributed nano-spikes. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the contact angle of the treatment groups, which increased wettability characteristics. The 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest wettability and significant increase in roughness 0.72 ± 0.08 µm (P < 0.05), leading to more osteoblast cell attachment, reduced cytotoxicity effects, and enhanced relative survivability. The alkaline phosphatase activity measured in all different groups indicated that the 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest activity, suggesting that the surface roughness and wettability of the treatment groups may have facilitated cell adhesion and attachment and subsequently increased secretion of extracellular matrix. Overall, the findings indicate that biomimetic nanotextured surfaces created by the AHT process have the potential to be translated as implant coatings to enhance bone regeneration and implant integration. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.).
KW - Biomimetic
KW - Dental
KW - Implants
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Orthopedic
KW - Surface modification
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85196367000&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10856-024-06794-y
DO - 10.1007/s10856-024-06794-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 38896291
AN - SCOPUS:85196367000
SN - 0957-4530
VL - 35
JO - Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
JF - Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 31
ER -