Plasmon-enhanced enzymatic reactions: A study of nanoparticle-enzyme distanceand nanoparticle loading-dependent enzymatic activity

A detailed investigation of the dependence of the efficiency of plasmon-enhanced enzymatic reactions on the distance between silver island films (SIFs) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and on the loading of SIFs on glass surfaces is presented. Three different extent of loading of SIFs on glass slides were used: 1) low, 2) medium and 3) high, which was characterized by using optical absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Streptavidin-linked HRP enzyme was deposited onto SIFs and glass slides by using three different strategies: strategy 1: biotin-avidin protein assay (distance between SIFs and HRP = 4-8 nm), strategy 2: self assembled monolayers (SAMs) (1-5 nm), strategy 3: polymer layer (1-5 nm). The efficiency of enzymatic conversion of O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) to a colored product by HRP on SIFs and glass surfaces was assessed by optical absorption spectroscopy. The distance between SIFs and HRP and the extent of loading of SIFs on the glass surfaces were shown to have significant effect on the efficiency of plasmon-enhanced enzymatic reactions. In this regard, up to an %250 increase in enzymatic conversion of OPD was observed from SIFs with high loading using strategy 1. In addition, we have studied the potential of repeated use of SIFs in plasmon-enhanced enzymatic reactions.