TY - JOUR
T1 - Prospective longitudinal evaluation of the effect of deployment-acquired traumatic brain injury on posttraumatic stress and related disorders
T2 - Results from the army study to assess risk and resilience in servicemembers (army STARRS)
AU - Stein, Murray B.
AU - Kessler, Ronald C.
AU - Heeringa, Steven G.
AU - Jain, Sonia
AU - Campbell-Sills, Laura
AU - Colpe, Lisa J.
AU - Fullerton, Carol S.
AU - Nock, Matthew K.
AU - Sampson, Nancy A.
AU - Schoenbaum, Michael
AU - Sun, Xiaoying
AU - Thomas, Michael L.
AU - Ursano, Robert J.
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for deleterious mental health and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and specificity of the association between deployment-acquired TBI and subsequent posttraumatic stress and related disorders among U.S. Army personnel. Method: A prospective, longitudinal survey of soldiers in three BrigadeCombat Teams was conducted1-2monthsprior toan average 10-month deployment to Afghanistan (T0), upon redeployment to the United States (T1), approximately 3 months later (T2), and approximately 9 months later (T3). Outcomes of interest were 30-day prevalence postdeployment ofposttraumaticstressdisorder (PTSD), majordepressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidality, aswell as presence and severity of postdeployment PTSD symptoms. Results: Complete information was available for 4,645 soldiers. Approximately one in five soldiers reported exposure to mild (18.0%) or more-than-mild (1.2%) TBI(s) during the index deployment. Even after adjusting forother risk factors (e.g., predeployment mental health status, severity of deployment stress, prior TBI history), deployment-acquired TBI was associated with elevated adjusted odds of PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder at T2 and T3 and ofmajor depressive episode at T2. Suicidality risk at T2 appeared similarly elevated, but this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of surveillance efforts to identify soldiers who have sustained TBIs and are therefore at risk for an array of postdeployment adverse mental health outcomes, including but not limited to PTSD. The mechanism(s) accounting for these associations need to be elucidated to inform development of effective preventive and early intervention programs.
AB - Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for deleterious mental health and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and specificity of the association between deployment-acquired TBI and subsequent posttraumatic stress and related disorders among U.S. Army personnel. Method: A prospective, longitudinal survey of soldiers in three BrigadeCombat Teams was conducted1-2monthsprior toan average 10-month deployment to Afghanistan (T0), upon redeployment to the United States (T1), approximately 3 months later (T2), and approximately 9 months later (T3). Outcomes of interest were 30-day prevalence postdeployment ofposttraumaticstressdisorder (PTSD), majordepressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidality, aswell as presence and severity of postdeployment PTSD symptoms. Results: Complete information was available for 4,645 soldiers. Approximately one in five soldiers reported exposure to mild (18.0%) or more-than-mild (1.2%) TBI(s) during the index deployment. Even after adjusting forother risk factors (e.g., predeployment mental health status, severity of deployment stress, prior TBI history), deployment-acquired TBI was associated with elevated adjusted odds of PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder at T2 and T3 and ofmajor depressive episode at T2. Suicidality risk at T2 appeared similarly elevated, but this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of surveillance efforts to identify soldiers who have sustained TBIs and are therefore at risk for an array of postdeployment adverse mental health outcomes, including but not limited to PTSD. The mechanism(s) accounting for these associations need to be elucidated to inform development of effective preventive and early intervention programs.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946129299&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121572
DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121572
M3 - Article
C2 - 26337036
AN - SCOPUS:84946129299
SN - 0002-953X
VL - 172
SP - 1101
EP - 1111
JO - American Journal of Psychiatry
JF - American Journal of Psychiatry
IS - 11
ER -