TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial and ethnic demographics in malnutrition related deaths
AU - Kawano, Bradley
AU - Grisel, Braylee
AU - Wischmeyer, Paul
AU - Holsman, Maximilian
AU - Agarwal, Suresh
AU - Fernandez-Moure, Joseph
AU - Haines, Krista L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
PY - 2024/4
Y1 - 2024/4
N2 - Background and aims: Currently, 40 million Americans are food insecure. They are forced to skip meals and buy non-nutritious food, leading to health disparities for those of low socioeconomic status. This study aims to investigate relationships between malnutrition deaths and sociodemographic groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study from 2009 to 2018 used aggregate data from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC Wonder). Patients with known race, gender, and Hispanic origin age ≥18 who died from malnutrition (E40-E46) were included. Place of death was grouped into home, inpatient medical facility, hospice facility, nursing facility/long-term care, other (including outpatient, ED, and DOA), and unknown. Crude rates of malnutrition deaths per 100,000 persons for race, gender, and Hispanic origin were calculated using US census estimates. Gross proportions of total deaths were calculated for each place of death. Results: Between 2009 and 2018, there were 46,517 malnutrition deaths in the US. Death rates for Black (1.8) and White Americans (2) were twice as high compared to Native Americans (1.1) and Asians or Pacific Islanders (0.7). Death rates among females (2.3) were higher than males (1.5). Death rates among non-Hispanics (2.1) were twice as high compared to Hispanics (0.7). Most people who died of malnutrition died in hospitals (37 %). Conclusion: Malnutrition deaths occur at greater rates among White, Black, non-Hispanic Americans, and females. Despite reported disparities in food access, Black and White Americans have similar malnutrition mortality rates, raising concerns that malnutrition is under-diagnosed among Black patients. Given the existing nutrition literature, this finding requires further investigation.
AB - Background and aims: Currently, 40 million Americans are food insecure. They are forced to skip meals and buy non-nutritious food, leading to health disparities for those of low socioeconomic status. This study aims to investigate relationships between malnutrition deaths and sociodemographic groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study from 2009 to 2018 used aggregate data from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC Wonder). Patients with known race, gender, and Hispanic origin age ≥18 who died from malnutrition (E40-E46) were included. Place of death was grouped into home, inpatient medical facility, hospice facility, nursing facility/long-term care, other (including outpatient, ED, and DOA), and unknown. Crude rates of malnutrition deaths per 100,000 persons for race, gender, and Hispanic origin were calculated using US census estimates. Gross proportions of total deaths were calculated for each place of death. Results: Between 2009 and 2018, there were 46,517 malnutrition deaths in the US. Death rates for Black (1.8) and White Americans (2) were twice as high compared to Native Americans (1.1) and Asians or Pacific Islanders (0.7). Death rates among females (2.3) were higher than males (1.5). Death rates among non-Hispanics (2.1) were twice as high compared to Hispanics (0.7). Most people who died of malnutrition died in hospitals (37 %). Conclusion: Malnutrition deaths occur at greater rates among White, Black, non-Hispanic Americans, and females. Despite reported disparities in food access, Black and White Americans have similar malnutrition mortality rates, raising concerns that malnutrition is under-diagnosed among Black patients. Given the existing nutrition literature, this finding requires further investigation.
KW - Disparities
KW - Food insecurity
KW - Malnutrition
KW - Nutrition
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184220240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.018
DO - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 38479901
AN - SCOPUS:85184220240
SN - 2405-4577
VL - 60
SP - 135
EP - 138
JO - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
JF - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
ER -