Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles

Among those with infertility, Black and Hispanic women are less likely to access in vitro fertilization compared to those from other races, despite a potentially higher infertility rate. In frozen embryo transfer cycles, there is also an identified racial disparity in outcomes. These racial differences in frozen embryo transfer cycles may be impacted by body mass index, uterine fibroids, endometrial receptivity, endometrial thickness, and preimplantation genetic analysis for aneuploidy (PGT-A) outcomes. These factors, in part or in combination, may result in worse outcomes based upon race. This finding may also be partially explained by the number of embryos transferred. Disparities persist despite efforts to address modifiable risk factors, supporting the need for further study to identify risk factors that maintain this disparity.