Radiation injuries and vesicant burns

Radiation injury can range in severity from solar exposure to minor medical irradiation (either intentional or accidental) to that which occurs after the detonation of atomic bombs. The type and intensity of radiation determine the extent of damage, ranging from localized erythema to severe cutaneous radiation injury and acute radiation syndrome. The general principles of burn care apply to irradiated wounds with the understanding that these lesions typically take longer to form, and are more susceptible to infection, sepsis, and poor healing. Vesicant burns are blistering lesions of the skin caused by agents that are primarily used in chemical warfare. They principally affect the skin, but the eyes and respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are frequently involved. The most commonly encountered clinical effects include erythema and blistering, cough and dyspnea, burning conjunctivitis, and nausea and vomiting. Treatment largely involves minimizing contact with the agents and supportive care.