TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for decreased range of motion and poor outcomes in open periarticular elbow fractures
AU - Dickens, Jonathan F.
AU - Wilson, Kevin W.
AU - Tintle, Scott M.
AU - Heckert, Reed
AU - Gordon, Wade T.
AU - D'Alleyrand, Jean Claude G.
AU - Potter, Benjamin K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/4/1
Y1 - 2015/4/1
N2 - Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors present at the time of injury that predict poor functional outcomes and heterotopic ossification (HO) in open periarticular elbow fractures. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of 136 combat-related open elbow fractures from 2003 to 2010. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, treatment variables, and complications were recorded. Functional outcomes were analyzed to determine range of motion (ROM) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Secondary outcome measures included the development of HO, return to duty, and revision operation. Results At a median 2.7 years from injury the median MEPS was 67.8 (range 30-100) with an average ulnohumeral arc motion of 89°. Bipolar fractures, with periarticular fractures on both sides of the elbow and at least one side containing intra-articular extension, were independently associated with decreased ulnohumeral motion (p = 0.02) and decreased MEPS (p < 0.004). Additional independent risk factors for decreased ROM included more severe osseous comminution (p = 0.001), and increased time to definitive fixation (p = 0.03) and HO (p = 0.02). More severe soft tissue injury (Gustilo and Anderson fracture type, p = 0.02), peripheral nerve injury (p = 0.04), and HO (p = 0.03) were independently associated with decreased MEPS. HO developed in 65% (89/136) of extremities and was associated with more severe Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) fracture type (p = 0.01) and escalating Gustilo and Anderson fracture classification (p = 0.049). Conclusions In the largest series of open elbow fractures, we identified risk factors that portend a poor clinical outcome and decreased ROM. Bipolar elbow fractures, which have not previously been associated with worse results, are particularly prone to decreased ROM and worse outcomes. Level of evidence Prognostic level IV.
AB - Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors present at the time of injury that predict poor functional outcomes and heterotopic ossification (HO) in open periarticular elbow fractures. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of 136 combat-related open elbow fractures from 2003 to 2010. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, treatment variables, and complications were recorded. Functional outcomes were analyzed to determine range of motion (ROM) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Secondary outcome measures included the development of HO, return to duty, and revision operation. Results At a median 2.7 years from injury the median MEPS was 67.8 (range 30-100) with an average ulnohumeral arc motion of 89°. Bipolar fractures, with periarticular fractures on both sides of the elbow and at least one side containing intra-articular extension, were independently associated with decreased ulnohumeral motion (p = 0.02) and decreased MEPS (p < 0.004). Additional independent risk factors for decreased ROM included more severe osseous comminution (p = 0.001), and increased time to definitive fixation (p = 0.03) and HO (p = 0.02). More severe soft tissue injury (Gustilo and Anderson fracture type, p = 0.02), peripheral nerve injury (p = 0.04), and HO (p = 0.03) were independently associated with decreased MEPS. HO developed in 65% (89/136) of extremities and was associated with more severe Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) fracture type (p = 0.01) and escalating Gustilo and Anderson fracture classification (p = 0.049). Conclusions In the largest series of open elbow fractures, we identified risk factors that portend a poor clinical outcome and decreased ROM. Bipolar elbow fractures, which have not previously been associated with worse results, are particularly prone to decreased ROM and worse outcomes. Level of evidence Prognostic level IV.
KW - Elbow
KW - Open fracture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84925114795&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.injury.2015.01.021
DO - 10.1016/j.injury.2015.01.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 25681150
AN - SCOPUS:84925114795
SN - 0020-1383
VL - 46
SP - 676
EP - 681
JO - Injury
JF - Injury
IS - 4
ER -