Sleep in the ICU

Disruption in normal sleep patterns is a common experience during illness, particularly during periods of prolonged or severe sickness. Sleep disturbances frequently occur in critically ill patients in the ICU and have been linked to the development of delirium, prolonged length of stay in the ICU, and increased mortality. Sleep disruption within the hospital environment and its effects on patient recovery is a growing area of focus as medicine has evolved into a more patient-centered model. There are numerous factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, that contribute to sleep impairment in the ICU. While certain environmental factors can be modified, patient-specific factors should be assessed routinely for optimization. In mechanically ventilated patients, patient-ventilator synchrony is one of the most critical factors for sleep quality and quantity. Ultimately, sleep deprivation in critically ill patients must be recognized as preventable harm, and a multifaceted approach must be instituted to address modifiable risk factors.