The effects of a diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid on organ and vascular fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Previous research has shown that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) attenuates the development of high blood pressure in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary DHA on organ and vascular fatty acid composition in SHR. Given the important structural and functional role of fatty acids in cell membranes, alterations in fatty acid composition may contribute to the antihypertensive effect of DHA. SHR were fed a purified diet containing either a corn/soybean oil mixture (CSO, control) or a DHA-enriched oil for 6 weeks. The DHA diet markedly increased the levels of DHA in the aorta, renal artery, plasma, liver, heart, kidney, and lung by 5-, 15-, 7-, 6-, 3.8-, 3.5-, and 8.8-fold (P < 0.001), respectively. The levels of eicosapentaenoic acid were also increased while there was a concomitant reduction in arachidonic and adrenic acids. Therefore, dietary DHA increases the incorporation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in specific organs and vascular tissue in SHR at the expense of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.