The Impact of the Patient Role on Medical Student Learning During Peer Simulation

Introduction: Simulation-based learning is an effective approach to teaching and assessing medical students. However, there is a lack of research regarding how playing the patient role during peer simulation impacts medical student learning. This study, therefore, examines the experiences of first-year medical students in the patient role during a high-fidelity, multiday peer simulation. Methods: Using a phenomenological approach to qualitative data analysis, we analyzed 175 student reflection papers assigned to the students at the conclusion of the peer simulation. Our research team individually coded each paper and then came to a consensus on themes and patterns within the data. Results: We discovered the following 4 themes within the data: (1) communication, (2) empathy, (3) stress, and (4) professional identity. Through observation and peer simulation students learned the importance of team, patient, and nonverbal communication, especially during transitions of care. Next, the students recognized the importance of quality patient care and prioritizing the humanity of their future patients. The students also connected stress and mistakes, teaching them the importance of stress management. Finally, inspired by their peers and looking to their future selves, the students expressed a commitment to continued professional development. Conclusions: The patient role during peer simulation is an impactful learning experience for first-year medical students. Our study holds important implications for ways in which medical educators can maximize the benefits of simulation-based education for junior medical student learning.