Variations in prenatal screening in a US federal healthcare system: Same coverage, different options

The Military Health System (MHS) is a federally funded organization that provides care to active duty service members and their beneficiaries. Our objective was to determine what methods of prenatal screening are used by military treatment facilities (MTFs), assess variations between institutions, and determine how practice patterns align with national recommendations. We surveyed all MTFs offering comprehensive prenatal care (n = 49). Departments were asked about aneuploidy screening options, availability of diagnostic testing, and carrier screening. In all, 43 MTFs (88%) completed the survey. Most (39/43) patients were stratified based on risk (predominantly maternal age at delivery and history). The most commonly offered test was combined 1st/2nd trimester screening (59%). Sixty percent routinely offered diagnostic testing, though less than half routinely offered microarrays. The majority offered universal carrier screening for cystic fibrosis (98%) and complete blood count with screening for thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies (88%). At the time of data collection, only five facilities (12%) had implemented spinal muscular atrophy carrier screening. Considerable heterogeneity exists in prenatal aneuploidy testing and carrier screening within the MHS. Standardized guidelines, protocols, and laboratory support would improve processes across the system. Additional resources including genetic counseling support and provider education are needed.