TY - JOUR
T1 - Viral and host factors associated with the HIV-1 viral load setpoint in adults from mbeya region, Tanzania
AU - Saathoff, Elmar
AU - Pritsch, Michael
AU - Geldmacher, Christof
AU - Hoffmann, Oliver
AU - Koehler, Rebecca N.
AU - Maboko, Leonard
AU - Maganga, Lucas
AU - Geis, Steffen
AU - McCutchan, Francine E.
AU - Kijak, Gustavo H.
AU - Kim, Jerome H.
AU - Arroyo, Miguel A.
AU - Gerhardt, Martina
AU - Tovanabutra, Sodsai
AU - Robb, Merlin L.
AU - Williamson, Carolyn
AU - Michael, Nelson L.
AU - Hoelscher, Michael
PY - 2010/7/1
Y1 - 2010/7/1
N2 - Background: The viral load setpoint (VLS) is an important predictor of HIV disease progression, but there is a lack of information regarding the VLS and its possible determinants in African populations. Methods: Initially HIV-negative adults from 3 distinct groups (female bar workers, females, and males from the general population) were followed for up to 4 years. The VLS was calculated for 108 seroconverters and associations of the VLS with possible risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression. Results: The median VLS for female bar workers, females, and males from the general population were 69,850, 28,600, and 158,000 RNA copies per milliliter, respectively. Significant associations with an elevated viral load were observed for male gender [risk ratio (RR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.14 to 2.93], the expression of harmful HLA I alleles (RR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.66) and multiple infection with different HIV-1 subtypes (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.66). Bar workers were considerably more often infected with different HIV-1 subtypes than participants from the general population. Conclusions: Our study confirms that gender and the expression of different HLA class I alleles are important determinants of the viremia at VLS, and it also corroborates an earlier finding that multiple infection with different HIV-1 subtypes is associated with a higher VLS.
AB - Background: The viral load setpoint (VLS) is an important predictor of HIV disease progression, but there is a lack of information regarding the VLS and its possible determinants in African populations. Methods: Initially HIV-negative adults from 3 distinct groups (female bar workers, females, and males from the general population) were followed for up to 4 years. The VLS was calculated for 108 seroconverters and associations of the VLS with possible risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression. Results: The median VLS for female bar workers, females, and males from the general population were 69,850, 28,600, and 158,000 RNA copies per milliliter, respectively. Significant associations with an elevated viral load were observed for male gender [risk ratio (RR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.14 to 2.93], the expression of harmful HLA I alleles (RR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.66) and multiple infection with different HIV-1 subtypes (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.66). Bar workers were considerably more often infected with different HIV-1 subtypes than participants from the general population. Conclusions: Our study confirms that gender and the expression of different HLA class I alleles are important determinants of the viremia at VLS, and it also corroborates an earlier finding that multiple infection with different HIV-1 subtypes is associated with a higher VLS.
KW - Africa
KW - HIV-1 infection
KW - HLA class I alleles
KW - acute infection
KW - multiple infection
KW - viral load setpoint
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77954056139&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cf30ba
DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cf30ba
M3 - Article
C2 - 20632457
AN - SCOPUS:77954056139
SN - 1525-4135
VL - 54
SP - 324
EP - 331
JO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
IS - 3
ER -